ALAN CARLTON
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The Human Microbiome

18/5/2016

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 What food should I eat?  What food is good for me? What food is good for my bacteria?  Now I have your attention. What do you mean by bacteria?  Who cares about feeding them?

Everybody (or every body) houses millions of bacteria. They live everywhere. In the gut, the mouth and on the skin.  They are generally non-pathogenic; existing harmlessly and symbiotically with their host.

You could use the term microbiome or microbiota to describe the bacteria that inhabit or live on humans. There are trillions of microbes in the average human microbiome and it accounts for 1 to 3% of total body mass.
 
How many microbes in the average human microbiome?

Estimates of the size of the human microbiome vary from 40 trillion microbial cells to 100 trillion cells. One estimate has the human microbiome as outnumbering human cells by  1.3 to 1. Other estimates have a figure of up to ten to one.  Nobody knows how many bacteria are commensal with you at the moment. It will vary in the one person continuously. Every time you defecate you lose more bacteria than human cells so the ratio of human cells to bacteria will change.
.
What does the human microbiome consist of?  Largely hundreds of different bacteria. Also some fungi and viruses, though much less.  It is known that the human microbiome is highly variable both within a single subject and between different individuals.
The problem of elucidating the human microbiome is essentially identifying the members of a microbial community which includes bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This is done primarily using DNA-based studies. You can actually get that done by sending a few samples to the relevant place.  It has become possible within the last ten years.

Where does the microbiome come from? Within seconds of being born a new born baby has been colonized by intrepid explorer bacteria largely from the mother. These bacteria can divide every 40-60 minutes so if conditions are suitable they increase rapidly.
Microbiomes are crucial for health. They are essential for digestion, control the calories we absorb, provide vital enzymes and vitamins as well as keeping our immune system healthy.  If you get the wrong bacteria in your microbiome then the microbiome has also been linked to disease such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, muscular dystrophy, muscular sclerosis, fibromyalgia and some cancers.  They play a role in obesity and some psychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disease. In fact the number of diseases that have been linked to microbiome is so large I can’t mention all of them. I will return to this subject.

Microbiome and diet.  Your microbiome influences and determines what happens to the food you eat.  They decide lots of things such as if the food you eat is stored as calories or not. The bacteria in your gut largely decide what is going to happen to the food you eat.  So the microbiome determines what happens to the food you eat. And the food you eat determines your microbiome.  The two are connected.

What microbiome is the healthiest and best one to have?

What diet leads to the best possible microbiome?

In coming posts I will attempt to look at some of the answers to these questions.
 
 
 
 

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    This blog is about what goes in.  Not about what comes out.  A lot of the posts are about food.  There are posts about the food before it goes in. About preparing it, growing it or cooking it.  There will be recipes.
    There will be other posts about what happens after it goes in. Articles about the health of what goes in. There will be posts discussing the major issues in nutrition and the relationship between food and health.    

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    A Very Long Post About Fat
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    Healthy Food
    Recipe : Apple Crumble
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    Recipe : Fruit Mousse
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  • Home
  • Photos
    • photos >
      • All Saints Church
      • Anglesea Barracks
      • Art Mob
      • Boer War
      • Botanical Gardens
      • Brooke Street Pier
      • Brunswick Hotel
      • Campbell Street
      • Castray Esplanade
      • Cenotaph
      • Constitution Dock
      • St David's Cathedral
    • photos >
      • St David's Park
      • Elizabeth St Mall
      • Elizabeth St Pier
      • Franklin Square
      • Hadley's Hotel
      • Hobart GPO
      • Hobart Congregational Church
      • Hobart Rivulet
      • Hobart Town Hall
      • Holy Trinity Church
      • Heading South Sculpture
      • Hutchins Old School
    • photos >
      • Kunanyi / Mt Wellington
      • MacQuarie Street Primary School
      • Maritime Museum
      • MacQuarie Wharf
      • Parliament House
      • Penitentary
      • Railway Roundabout
      • Regatta
      • RHH
      • Royal Visits 1868 1901 1920 1927 1934
      • Royal visit 1954
      • Salamanca Place
    • photos >
      • Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
      • Theatre Royal
      • Victoria Dock
      • Saint David's Cathedral
      • Saint David's Park
      • St George Anglican Church
    • Street art: photos >
      • Bidencope Lane
      • Criterion Collins Liverpool Streets
      • Elizabeth Street North Hobart​
      • Kemp Despard Streets
    • Streets: photos >
      • Argyle Street
      • Barrack Street
      • Bathurst Street
      • Brisbane Street
      • Brooker Highway
      • Campbell Street
      • Collins Street
    • Streets: photos >
      • Davey Street
      • Elizabeth Street
      • Goulburn Street
      • Harrington Street
      • Hunter Street
      • Liverpool Street
      • Macquarie Street
      • Murray Street
  • Places
    • Places >
      • All Saint's Church
      • Anglesea Barracks
      • Atheneum Club
      • Baha’i Centre
      • Boer War Memorial
      • Brook Street Pier
      • Brunswick Hotel
      • Boats in the docks
      • Constitution Dock
      • The Drunken Admiral
      • Franklin Square
      • Gas Works
    • Places >
      • Hadley's Hotel
      • Heading South Sculpture
      • Hobart GPO
      • Hobart Synagogue
      • Hobart Town Hall
      • Holy Trinity Church
      • Hunter Street
      • Ingle Hall
      • Old Wool Factory
      • Ordnance Stores
      • Parliament House
      • Penitentiary
      • Princes Park
    • Places >
      • Princes Wharf 1
      • Scots Memorial Church
      • Saint David's Cathedral
      • Saint David's Park
      • Saint George Anglican Church
      • St Michaels Collegiate School
      • Supreme Court
  • History
    • History >
      • Tasmanian Timeline
      • Early Tasmania
      • Mid Nineteenth Century
      • Late Nineteenth Century
      • 20th Century
      • Tasmania’s aborigines
      • Convicts
    • People >
      • John Lee Archer
      • William Bedford
      • Andrew Bent
      • Louis Bernacchi
      • James Blackburn
      • William Bunster
      • William Buckley
      • Thomas Bromfield
      • Luke Castray
      • William Champion
      • David Collins
    • People >
      • John Colvin
      • Charles Darwin
      • Governor Eadley
      • TT Flynn
      • John Franklin
      • Lady Jane Franklin
      • Charles Gaylor
      • Haig: Elizabeth and Andrew
      • Henry Jones
    • People >
      • James Kelly
      • Robert Knopwood
      • Lachlan Macquarie
      • Douglas Mawson
      • Charles McLachlan.
      • George Mure
      • Pearce: Henry and John
      • Robert Pitcairn
      • Poulett-Harris
      • Reid: Arthur and Alison
      • James Clark Ross
      • Ikey Solomon
      • Phillip Smith
      • Abel Tasman
      • Mark Twain
      • AJ White
      • Andrew and Elizabeth Haig
  • Community
    • Hobart Marathon Festival
    • Hadley's Hotel
    • history is not set in bronze
    • Wooden Boat Festival 2019
    • What do you think of Hobart?
    • Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
    • The Mountain
  • Walking Tours
    • Dave's Walking Tour
    • The Tench Walking Tour
    • Botanical Gardens Circuit
    • ​Alfred’s feeling religious walk
    • Battery Point Sculpture Trail
    • Lachlan gets to the point
    • Street art: Luffy paints the town
  • Blog
    • healing through living
    • This website
    • about another website
    • Acknowledgement
    • Contact
  • The Full Complement
    • Alan Carlton
    • Daniel Frank
    • Paul Barrington
    • Jodi Sutton
    • Jodi Sutton talks about mistakes
    • Jodi Sutton: The phone
    • Ann Heath
    • Maddie Atkins
    • Karen Wong
    • Jo-Anne Cherry
    • Jo-Anne Cherry: Retirement
    • Errol Kilov
    • Garry Owen
    • Katherine Janney
    • Jacques Cawood
    • John Chung
    • Gordon Henry
  • Songs
    • Forty Years Ago
    • Tomorrow
    • Clouds in the River
    • I Woke Up
    • Hold My Hand
    • Cornelian Bay Boathouses
    • Dance on the Deck
    • Eucalyptus Globulus